AWD vs. FWD vs. 4WD: Do You Really Need AWD in Canada?

"Do I need all-wheel drive?" is one of the most common questions Canadian buyers ask. The honest answer: it helps in some situations, but for most drivers good winter tires make a bigger difference than AWD.

The three types

Front-wheel drive (FWD). The engine powers the front wheels. Most cars and many SUVs come standard with FWD. It is efficient, affordable, and handles winter well with proper tires.

All-wheel drive (AWD). Power can go to all four wheels, automatically, when the car detects slipping. Common on SUVs. Great for getting going on snowy or icy roads and steep driveways.

Four-wheel drive (4WD). Found on trucks and rugged SUVs, often with a low-range gear for off-road use. It is built for deep snow, mud, and towing on rough terrain.

What AWD does, and does not, do

AWD helps put power to the ground, so you are less likely to get stuck. But braking and cornering depend on grip between your tires and the road. AWD does not add grip there. That is why an AWD SUV on all-season tires can still slide through an icy intersection.

Winter tires: the bigger deal

Winter tires use softer rubber and deeper treads that stay grippy in the cold. They improve stopping and turning on snow, ice, and even cold dry pavement.

In B.C., winter tires are required on many highways:

• B.C. requires winter tires (M+S or the mountain snowflake symbol) or chains on many highways from October 1 to March 31, with some routes extending into April.

Ask your insurer whether they offer a discount for winter tires.

Who should get AWD?

• You live somewhere with heavy, frequent snow, or in a rural area with unplowed roads.
• You have a steep driveway or regularly drive mountain passes.
• You want extra confidence and are happy to pay a bit more to buy it and run it.

Who is fine with FWD?

• You drive mostly in the city on plowed roads.
• You are willing to run winter tires in the colder months.
• You want the lowest price and best fuel economy.

The bottom line

A FWD car on winter tires is a very capable winter vehicle. AWD adds real help getting moving in deep snow. If you can afford both, AWD with winter tires is the best combination. If you have to pick one, pick the tires.